For today the problem of toxic pollution is one of sharpest. Under threat of are many vital water objects of Kyrgyzstan.
What substances represent the greatest danger?
The following concern to toxic substances: methane, sulfur dioxide, nitrates, nitrogen, carbonic, phosphoric oxides, and also such heavy metals, as plumbum, mercury, antimony, chrome, nickel, arcenic, cadmium.
The questions of radiating safety are urgent, as republic earlier was by basic supplier of uranium raw material as oxides of uranium and molybdenum. After the discontinuance of production of uranium in republic remained 13 tailings pond without the appropriate control. They represent potential danger to an environment, especially water, and health of the man. The radioactive pollution of territories located near to former the ore mining and smelting enterprises for processing of uranium, is one of the most serious problems in republic. In all available refuse dumps of republic firm droppings of manufacture make about 34 million tons, total activity - more than 88 thousand Curie. Specific activity of droppings on radium-226 - from 28220 up to 172000 Bq/kg, on thorium-232 - from 372 up to 660 Bq/kg. It causes development of oncological diseases.
In the locations of uraniferous ores the control of a condition of an environment (area of Kadji-Sai, settlement of Min-Kush, Djalal-Abad region, settlement of Mailoo-Soo) is necessary.
It is necessary to mean that the average period of technical norms of concentration of tailings pond, i.e. their warranty period on norms of former Soviet Union makes 60-80 years After end of jobs on mines in 1950-1955 their warranty period comes to an end in 2010-2020 . Low level of geotechnical researches and designing, at which the hydraulic engineering conditions of areas influencing stability of dams and tailings pond were not taken into account tectonics, seismicity, ecological changes in space and time of accommodation of tailings pond of radioactive droppings in places, which are adverse for the long-term and safe contents. Very much often tailings pond were located on mountain slopes, near mines, that was motivated by only economic reasons.
The most part of tailings pond, were in the extremely unsatisfactory condition, is located in plains and channels of the rivers, which constantly wash away them, resulting to emission of radioactive substances in an environment: earth waters, atmosphere and ground.
In most cases situation is complicated by that in a zone of a presence (finding) of tailings pond the activity of landslips and earthquakes was made active. As a result of dynamic impact on centre of tailing pond, the emission of radioactive droppings in the river of overlapping(blocking) of its channel is possible. In case of possible pollution belonging to pools of the rivers Syrdarya and Amudarya, water arteries of Kyrgyzstan can carry radioactive and toxic droppings on territory of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.
The pollution of environment by chemical substances and especially radioactive can result in genetic accident capable to put under threat existence of the biologically high-grade population.
For acceptance of measures on prevention of an opportunity of trans-border carry of polluting substances, the intergovernmental agreement (1998) about joint jobs on rehabilitation of tailings pond and refuse dumps of mountain breeds was signed. Kadji-Sai
Kadji-Sai is a former uranium mine which is settling down near Issyk-Kul lake, worked with 1949 on 1967.
The uranium was taken from ashes brown carbon (slate) already after burning slate. Now remained of any data on what were droppings. Refuse dump was small on the sizes, as in droppings there was only ashes. That it was safe, have constructed a dam. Near to a dam have remained the equipment and radioactive materials. The part from them till now is there.
As the mine is near to Issyk-Kul lake, there is a danger of infection of lake by radioactive droppings, because happens, droppings are left without due supervision.
Under the Issyk-Kul lake passes a coal layer, which also was developed. So, water and silt from bottom contain the certain level of a radioactivity.
In a burial place nearby to a settlement of Kadji-Sai- 150 thousand m3 of uranium droppings. The storm rains strongly have hurt isolating layer and dam, that conducts to ablation of radioactive substances in water area of the lake. The radiating background on separate sides of mortuary has reached 1700-1800 microroentgen/h. For comparison: an extreme allowable doze for the man is 57 microroentgen.
In a result, because of inactivity on the part of the state, Kyrgyzstan can lose its PEARL - Issyk-Kul lake.

In city Kara-Balta and its vicinities significant fluctuations of scales - radiations also are marked depending on distance up to places of a burial place of industrial radioactive droppings. At 5-10 ? from a protective dam of the tailing pond the intensity of scales - radiations makes 100-160 microroentgen/h, in 2-3 times exceeding an allowable level, on a surface of a protective dam of the tailing pond, at its territory, within the limits of a sanitary - protective zone sharply exceeded this high level, outside a sanitary - protective zone, on distance 150-500 ? from tailing pond from different directions from its protective dam - 22-34 microroentgen/h. The radiating structure of drinking water in the city Kara-Balta and its vicinities changed from 92,3 Bq/l in the irrigative channel up to 233,3 Bq/l in water open and closed water sources.
In city Mailoo-Soo, which is in a southeast of the country, and its vicinities, where are placed 23 tailings pond and 8 refuse dumps of breed and advanced uranium ore, the level of scales - radiations changes from 300 up to 500 microroentgen/h. Most intensive radiation was at the third tailing pond (up to 3000 microroentgen/h), at the river bridge and on other sites (1700 microroentgen/h). These sites represent for the population living below on current of the river, potential radiating danger in case of the further destruction of a protective covering layer by freshet waters, downpours, landslips, earthquakes and water denudation of radionuclides into the plain of the river Mailoo-Soo.
Toxic pollution of water in the city of Bishkek by the industrial enterprises
To the enterprises-polluters in capital of Kyrgyzstan Bishkek it is possible to attribute factories of "Electrovacuum mechanical engineering ", "Agricultural mechanical engineering ", joint-stock company "Kyrgyzavtomash", joint-stock company "Ak-Maral", ON " the Bishkek machine-building factory ". In their territory the pollution of sexivalent lame are found out. The presence it in underground water is caused by infringement of rules of a storage chemical reactives and recycling droppings. The ranges on neutralization and burial place of industrial wastes are absent.
Also basic reasons of deterioration of quality of underground waters in Bishkek is the bad sanitary condition of territory (dump of economic and household drains in private sector in filtering stores, dumps of dust, absence of range for a burial place of industrial toxic droppings).
The contents of others ?oxic substances in water after city of Bishkek does not exceed extreme allowable concentration.
About influence of Toktogul reservoir on quality of water in the river Naryn.
The river Naryn - main component of the river Syrdarya, is a basic water artery of the countries of the Central-Asian region (Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, east part of Tajikistan), in which pool lives more than 20 million people.
Toktogul reservoir, 25 years from a beginning of which filling were marked in 1999, concerns to the largest reservoirs of the world.
The modern inflow in Toktogul reservoir is submitted beside constant water inflows, which provide receipt more than 98 %. The degree of pollution of water in reservoir is much higher, than in water of the rivers, running into it. It is connected to anthropogenous loading on a reservoir caused by absence or inefficient job of clearing structures of household, sewer drains of objects, located near to reservoir or even by a condition it water reserving mining zones, recreational loading in the summer period, use of water-motor transport on water area, drains temporary refuelings in the period of rehabilitative jobs on a line of Osh-Bishkek, use of an environment by a vehicle using this line.
Thus, reservoir is a place of the tax of pollution the river Naryn, which at absence of this store in some smaller degree, but inevitably would act into it, even if there would be no dam of hydroelectric power STATION.

Chlorinated water: is disinfected and … poisoned

It is necessary, leaves - time so generously it is used at stations of withdrawal of water? Yes, by gaseous chlorine it is convenient and cheaply to destroy bacteria, viruses, elementary. But together with it also is the reason of a problem under the name " drinkable water ".
Organic substances incorporating chlorine are injurious for alive organisms. Some of them are mutagens, others - cancerogenes, third - strong stimulus of a mucous liver, the kidneys etc. There are no similar substances in the natural-river, pump and other water, differently all alive in reservoirs for a long time would be lost.
In water from under the crane the concentration of chlororganic while is small enough to cause sharp poisonings. But trouble that these toxins keep in our liver, fatty fabrics during the life. Such substances, as, for example, polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDP), turning in high-toxic dioxins, are very difficulty deduced from the organism and in due course can become the reason of malignant tumours and other serious problems. Small children (till 3 years) are especially defenceless.
These whence undertake chlorinated poisons, if them no in river water? The scientists have established, that at interaction of gaseous chlorine CL2) with the organic connections, dissolved of water, (humus substances) the molecule of chlorine very rigidly cooperates with complex structure of humus substance. Shaking up it and joining to fineer molecular structures, the chlorine forms these most TOXINS, which we drink.
How to be? Not to chlorinate water in general? We know, that it is possible to ozonize, as is done in Western Europe. But on a way to our crane by rusty dirty pipes, water can become harmful again.
As assume the scientists, real "exit" while one: is primary acting on station of withdrawal of water it is necessary to process by ozone, secondarily at stations of water production it is necessary to chlorinate it. But not by gaseous chlorine, and one of its connections, which contains ions of chlorine, softer on the action, than molecular chlorine. The ions of chlorine have good antiseptic action, but do not destroy humus substance, so, do not form that toxic chlororganic.